Ground loops and geothermal boreholes

In Estonia, two ground collector installation methods are commonly used. The most widespread is the traditional horizontal method, while vertical boreholes are less common.

Traditional ground collector

A horizontal ground collector is installed in the plot using the horizontal method, at a depth of approximately 1 metre. The minimum spacing between pipes is 1 metre. The length of a single collector loop should not exceed 450 metres. Pipe length is determined according to soil conditions and the required heating capacity. The ground collector must not be undersized. Be cautious of suppliers who offer significantly shorter ground loops in order to achieve a lower price. Problems caused by an undersized ground collector may not become apparent until up to five years later. Maaküte OÜ always rounds up the specified length of ground collectors and does not provide a warranty for undersized ground collectors. With many years of experience, Maaküte OÜ has installed hundreds of kilometres of ground collector systems.

Boreholes

Boreholes are typically used for buildings where there is not enough available ground space. Boreholes are drilled vertically, usually to depths of up to 200 metres per borehole. After the heat exchange pipes are installed, the borehole is filled with special grouting material. Geothermal boreholes are somewhat more expensive to install than traditional horizontal ground collectors, and they require permits from the Environmental Board and the local government.

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